Cylinder head having an integrally cast rocker shaft pedestal

ABSTRACT

Use of rocker shaft pedestals that are manufactured separately from the cylinder head and subsequently fixed to the cylinder head increases manufacturing and assembly costs of an internal combustion engine. The disclosed cylinder head obviates these problems by providing a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine that comprises a top deck and at least one integrally cast rocker shaft pedestal. A rocker shaft for use with a cylinder head of the invention includes at least one flat formed on an underside of the shaft that is adapted for mating with a top of a rocker shaft pedestal. Also described is an internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder block, a cylinder head having a top deck and at least one integrally cast rocker shaft pedestal, and a rocker shaft mounted on the at least one rocker shaft pedestal, the rocker shaft having a plurality of rocker arms mounted thereon. The rocker shaft includes at least one flat formed on an underside thereof adapted for mating with a top of the at least one rocker shaft pedestal. Also described is a method for manufacturing a cylinder head assembly including an integrally cast rocker shaft pedestal.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of commonly owned provisional application No. 60/411,018 filed on Sep. 16, 2002.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The invention relates to a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine. In particular the invention relates to a cylinder head of the type having a top deck and at least one rocker shaft pedestal for supporting a rocker shaft.

BACKGROUND

[0003] U.S. Pat. No. 4,628,875 describes a cylinder head and a rocker shaft mounting assembly. The assembly comprises four pedestal mounts, each of which is fixed to the head by means of two bolts that engage bores machined in the cylinder head. A separate cap is associated with each pedestal mount. The cap and mount are machined such that when they are bolted together they form a bore that embraces the rocker shaft and fixes the rocker shaft to the cylinder head. This arrangement requires the use of a relatively large number of components, which results in increased production and assembly costs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0004] According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine, the cylinder head comprising a top deck and at least one integrally cast rocker shaft pedestal.

[0005] The invention also relates to a rocker shaft for use with a cylinder head of the invention, the rocker shaft including at least one flat formed on an underside of the shaft that is adapted for mating with a top of a rocker shaft pedestal.

[0006] The invention also relates to an internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder block, a cylinder head having a top deck and at least one integrally cast rocker shaft pedestal, and a rocker shaft mounted on the at least one rocker shaft pedestal. The rocker shaft has a plurality of rocker arms mounted thereon and includes at least one flat formed on an underside of the shaft adapted for mating with a top of the at least one rocker shaft pedestal.

[0007] The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a cylinder head assembly comprising the steps of providing a cylinder head having at least one integrally cast rocker shaft pedestal and fixing a rocker shaft assembly on the at least one integrally cast rocker shaft pedestal, the rocker shaft assembly including a rocker shaft and at least one rocker arm.

[0008] Other aspects and features of the invention will be apparent from the following description and the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009]FIG. 1 is a perspective, partially exploded, view of a cylinder head according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0010]FIG. 2 is a plan view from above the cylinder head of FIG. 1.

[0011]FIG. 3 is a section view taken along the lines III-III of FIG. 2.

[0012]FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a rocker shaft according to the invention for use with the cylinder head of FIG. 1.

[0013]FIG. 5 is a plan view from above the rocker shaft assembly of FIG. 4.

[0014]FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the engagement between the rocker shaft of the invention and the cylinder head of FIG. 1.

[0015]FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of the engagement between the rocker shaft of the invention and a cylinder head according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] Referring to the drawings, and initially to FIGS. 1 to 3, there is illustrated a cylinder head 1 for an internal combustion engine (not shown). In this case, the engine is a three cylinder in-line diesel engine, however it should be appreciated that the invention is also applicable to engines having any number of cylinders. The cylinder head 1 includes a top deck 2 and three rocker shaft pedestals 3, each of which is integrally cast with the cylinder head 1. A pair of valve guide bores are formed in the head 1 adjacent each pedestal 3, the pair consisting of an exhaust valve guide bore 4 and an inlet valve guide bore 5. Valve guide sleeves 4 a, 4 b (shown in exploded view in FIG. 1) are inserted into the valve guide bores 4, 5.

[0017] Each rocker arm pedestal 3 includes a front wall 6, a rear wall (not shown), a top surface 7, and a pair of opposed sidewalls 8 and 9, respectively. In this embodiment, a pair of steps are formed in each sidewall 8, 9, namely a spacing step 10 and an adjacent lower step 11. It will be appreciated that the pedestals may be formed without the steps as is described in more detail below. The top surface 7 of each pedestal 3 is machined in a same plane as the top deck 2, as is best illustrated in FIG. 3. Each rocker arm pedestal 3 also includes a bore 12 for receiving a fastener that fixes a rocker shaft (see below) to the pedestals.

[0018] Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, there is illustrated a rocker shaft assembly 13 for use with the cylinder head of FIGS. 1 to 3, and comprising a rocker shaft 14 having three flats (see FIG. 6) formed on an underside thereof. The flats are dimensioned, and spaced along the shaft 14, to allow them to mate with the pedestals 3 formed in the cylinder head 1. The shaft 14 also includes three flats 15 formed on an upperside thereof, directly above the flats on the underside. A bore (not shown) is formed in the shaft 14 at each upper flat that, in use, receives a bolt 16 that fixes the rocker shaft 14 to the pedestals 3. The shaft 14 includes three pairs of rocker arms 18 pivotally mounted to the shaft 14. Each pair of rocker arms 18 consists of an inlet rocker arm 19 and an exhaust rocker arm 20, which are pivotally mounted to the shaft 14 on each side of each pair of flats. A pair of helical springs 21 embrace the shaft 14 and bear against the arms 19, 20. A first end of the inlet rocker arm 19 is coupled to an inlet valve (not shown) and a first end of the exhaust rocker arm 20 is coupled to an exhaust valve (not shown). A second end of each rocker arm 19, 20 carries a cam follower 22.

[0019] Referring to FIG. 6, there is illustrated a rocker shaft 14 bolted to a pedestal 3 formed on the cylinder head 1 of FIGS. 1 to 3. A flat 23 on the underside of the shaft 14 mates with the top surface 7 of the pedestal 3. Helical springs 21 bear against the rocker arms 19, 20 biasing them in the direction of the arrow A and into contact with a vertical flat 24 of each spacing step 10, which has the effect of correctly spacing the rocker arms 19, 20 over the valve guide bores (not shown). The lower steps 11 are provided to allow the rocker arms 19, 20 complete their rocking motion.

[0020] Referring to FIG. 7, there is illustrated part of a cylinder head 25 according to an alternative embodiment of the invention in which parts described with reference to the previous embodiment are assigned the same reference numerals. In this embodiment, an integrally cast rocker shaft pedestal 26 is formed without any steps wherein the rocker arms 19, 20 are biased by the helical springs 21 into contact with the sidewalls 27 of the pedestal 26. Thus, the sidewalls 27 of the pedestal 26 have the effect of correctly spacing the rocker arms 19, 20 over the valve guide bores (not shown).

[0021] During manufacture of the cylinder head 1 according to the invention, the cylinder head 1 is cast with three integrally cast rocker shaft pedestals 3. The rocker shaft assembly 13, which includes the rocker shaft 14 and three pairs of rocker arms 18, is fixed to the three pedestals 3. The pairs of rocker arms 18 are correctly spaced along the rocker shaft 14 prior to the rocker shaft 14 being fixed to the pedestals 3. Generally, the correct spacing is ensured by means of a jig that may form an integral part of the rocker shaft assembly packaging material, which jig and packaging material are only removed after the rocker shaft assembly 13 has been placed onto the pedestals 3.

[0022] It will be appreciated that while the embodiments of the cylinder head described above include a number of pedestals equal to the number of cylinders, cylinder heads having a number of pedestals that is more or less than the number of cylinders are also envisaged as being within the scope of this invention.

[0023] It will be further appreciated that while the rocker shaft assembly of the invention as described above includes a pair of rocker arms per cylinder, rocker shaft assemblies having three or more rocker arms per cylinder are also envisaged. An example of when three rocker arms may be utilized is when the engine includes a mechanically actuated electronic unit fuel injector.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

[0024] The cylinder head 1 of the invention is mounted to a top of an engine block and includes pairs of valve bores 4, 5, each of which communicate with a cylinder of the engine. The cylinder head 1 includes a number of integrally cast pedestals 3 that support a rocker shaft 14 mounted above the head 1. Flats 23 are formed on an underside of the rocker shaft 14 that mates with top surface 7 of the pedestals 3. A number of rocker arms 19, 20 are mounted to the rocker shaft 14 for pivotal movement across the shaft 14 as well as axial movement along the shaft 14.

[0025] The use of integrally cast rocker arm pedestals 3 decreases the number of components required for assembly of an engine. Thus, for example, a four cylinder engine having a cylinder head according to the invention will require at least eight less components than a conventional four cylinder engine that employs separate pedestal mounts and caps. This has the effect of considerably reducing the cost of the manufacture, and assembly, of the engine.

[0026] The spacing steps 10, 11 on the pedestals 3 are dimensioned to correctly position the rocker arms 19, 20 over the valve guide bores 4, 5. Thus, in use, the helical springs 21 on the rocker shaft 14 bias the rocker arms 19, 20 into contact with vertical flats 24. The lower steps 11 on the pedestals 3 provide clearance for the rocker arms 19, 20 to complete their rocking motion. Alternatively, the sidewalls 27 of the pedestal 26 function to space the rocker arms 19, 20 over the valve guide bores 4, 5.

[0027] During manufacture of the cylinder head assembly, the rocker shaft pedestals are integrally cast with the cylinder head. During assembly, the rocker arms are correctly spaced along the rocker shaft by means of a positioning jig. Thus, the rocker shaft assembly is placed on the rocker shaft pedestals with the positioning jig in place thereby ensuring that the rocker arms carried on the rocker shaft are correctly positioned on each side of the pedestals. Once thus positioned, the jig is removed and the rocker shaft is fixed to the pedestals.

[0028] Although preferred embodiments have been described here in, improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the following claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A cylinder head for an internal combustion engine, the cylinder head comprising a top deck and at least one integrally cast rocker shaft pedestal.
 2. A cylinder head as claimed in claim 1, in which the at least one integrally cast rocker shaft pedestal includes a top surface, wherein the top deck is machined in a same plane as the top surface of the at least one rocker arm pedestal.
 3. A cylinder head as claimed in claim 1, in which the at least one rocker shaft pedestal includes a pair of opposed sidewalls adapted for correctly spacing adjacent rocker arms on each side of the pedestal.
 4. A cylinder head as claimed in claim 2, in which the at least one rocker shaft pedestal includes a pair of opposed sidewalls adapted for correctly spacing adjacent rocker arms on each side of the pedestal.
 5. A cylinder head as claimed in claim 1, in which the at least one rocker shaft pedestal includes a pair of opposed sidewalls, each sidewall having a spacing step adjacent a top of the pedestal, which spacing steps are adapted for correctly spacing adjacent rocker arms on each side of the pedestal.
 6. A cylinder head as claimed in claim 2, in which the at least one rocker shaft pedestal includes a pair of opposed sidewalls, each sidewall having a spacing step adjacent a top of the pedestal, which spacing steps are adapted for correctly spacing adjacent rocker arms on each side of the pedestal.
 7. A cylinder head as claimed in claim 3, in which the at least one rocker shaft pedestal includes a pair of opposed sidewalls, each sidewall having a spacing step adjacent a top of the pedestal, which spacing steps are adapted for correctly spacing adjacent rocker arms on each side of the pedestal.
 8. A cylinder head as claimed in claim 4, in which the at least one rocker shaft pedestal includes a pair of opposed sidewalls, each sidewall having a spacing step adjacent a top of the pedestal, which spacing steps are adapted for correctly spacing adjacent rocker arms on each side of the pedestal.
 9. A cylinder head as claimed in claim 5, in which each sidewall includes a second step formed beneath the spacing step.
 10. A cylinder head as claimed in claim 6, in which each sidewall includes a second step formed beneath the spacing step.
 11. A cylinder head as claimed in claim 7, in which each sidewall includes a second step formed beneath the spacing step.
 12. A cylinder head as claimed in claim 8, in which each sidewall includes a second step formed beneath the spacing step.
 13. An internal combustion engine comprising: a cylinder block; a cylinder head having a top deck and at least one integrally cast rocker shaft pedestal; and a rocker shaft mounted on the at least one rocker shaft pedestal, the rocker shaft having a plurality of rocker arms mounted thereon, wherein the rocker shaft includes at least one flat formed on an underside of the shaft adapted for mating with a top of the at least one rocker shaft pedestal.
 14. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 13, in which the at least one integrally cast rocker shaft pedestal includes a top surface, wherein the top deck is machined in a same plane as the top surface of the at least one rocker arm pedestal.
 15. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 13 in which the at least one rocker shaft pedestal includes a pair of opposed sidewalls adapted for correctly spacing adjacent rocker arms on each side of the pedestal.
 16. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 13, in which the at least one rocker shaft pedestal includes a pair of opposed sidewalls, each sidewall having a spacing step adjacent a top of the pedestal, which spacing steps are adapted for correctly spacing adjacent rocker arms on each side of the pedestal.
 17. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 14, in which the at least one rocker shaft pedestal includes a pair of opposed sidewalls, each sidewall having a spacing step adjacent a top of the pedestal, which spacing steps are adapted for correctly spacing adjacent rocker arms on each side of the pedestal.
 18. An internal combustion engine cylinder head as claimed in claim 16, in which each sidewall includes a second step formed beneath the spacing step.
 19. A method for manufacturing a cylinder head assembly, comprising the steps of: providing a cylinder head having at least one integrally cast rocker shaft pedestal; and fixing a rocker shaft assembly on the at least one integrally cast rocker shaft pedestal, the rocker shaft assembly including a rocker shaft and at least one rocker arm.
 20. A method according to claim 19, including the sequential steps of: positioning the at least one rocker arm on the rocker shaft by means of a positioning jig; placing the rocker shaft including the positioning jig on the at least one rocker shaft pedestal; removing the positioning jig from the rocker shaft; and fixing the rocker shaft on the at least one rocker shaft pedestal. 